The Nobel Prizes recognize scientists, writers and activists whose achievements have changed the world. And as the institution with the faculty who've collected the most Nobels, UC has left the world much changed.
诺贝尔奖旨在表彰那些成就改变了世界的科学家、作家和活动家。作为获得诺贝尔奖最多的大学，加州大学给世界带来了很大的变化。
UC's Nobel Prize winners have revealed the shape of DNA, how plants transform sunlight and air into new growth, how and why our bodies age, and the black hole that lurks at the center of our galaxy.
加州大学诺贝尔奖得主揭示了DNA的形状，植物如何将阳光和空气转化为新的生长，我们的身体如何以及为什么衰老，以及潜伏在银河系中心的黑洞。
You don't have to be a science geek to appreciate the benefits of UC's Nobel-winning research. These discoveries, many of which originated in federal funding, continue to shape daily life in surprising and amazing ways. Here are just a few innovations from UC’s world-leading Nobel legacy.
即使你不是一个科学怪人，也能体会到加州大学诺贝尔奖获奖研究的好处。这些发现，其中许多是由联邦资助的，继续以令人惊讶和惊人的方式塑造着日常生活。以下是加州大学世界领先的诺贝尔遗产中的一些创新。
UC's Nobel Prizes, by the numbers
加州大学的诺贝尔奖，数不胜数
75 Nobel prizes awarded to UC faculty
加州大学教职工获75项诺贝尔奖
49 faculty affiliated with UC at the time of their award, the most of any institution
在他们获奖时，加州大学有49名教师，是所有机构中最多的
4 UC faculty won Nobel Prizes in 2025, a world record for any institution in a single year
2025年，4名加州大学教师获得诺贝尔奖，这是任何一所大学在一年内获得诺贝尔奖的世界纪录
LED bulbs save Americans at least $14 billion a year
LED灯泡每年至少为美国人节省140亿美元
About 9 in 10 households in the U.S. have switched from incandescent lightbulbs to white LEDs that use less electricity and last much longer. The core of your everyday LED bulb is a blue light-emitting diode, invented by UC professor and 2014 Nobel laureate Shuji Nakamura.
在美国，大约90%的家庭已经从白炽灯泡换成了耗电量更少、使用寿命更长的白光led灯泡。我们日常使用的LED灯泡的核心是一个蓝色发光二极管，由加州大学教授、2014年诺贝尔奖得主中村修二发明。
Kidney donor matching helps people get transplants
肾脏捐赠者匹配帮助人们获得移植
Plenty of people would donate a kidney to a loved one who needed it. But most of the time they can’t, because the donor and recipient’s tissues don’t match. In 2004, economists figured out a solution: pooling willing donors and waiting recipients, raising the odds of a match. The algorithm behind these kidney exchanges originated with UC scholars David Gale and Lloyd Shapley, who initially applied it to romantic matchmaking. Before, pooled kidney exchanges led to fewer than 20 live transplants per year. Now such exchanges facilitate 1 in 5 of the 7,000 or so live kidney transplants in the U.S. each year — an impact that is part of what earned Shapley a Nobel Prize.
许多人愿意为需要肾脏的亲人捐献一个肾脏。但大多数情况下他们无法实现，因为捐赠者与接受者的组织不匹配。2004年，经济学家找到了一种解决方案：将自愿捐赠者和等待移植的患者集中起来，从而提高匹配成功的几率。这种肾脏交换背后的算法最初由加州大学学者大卫·盖尔和劳埃德·沙普利提出，他们最初将其应用于恋爱配对。在此之前，集中式的肾脏交换每年促成的活体移植不足20例。许多人愿意为需要肾脏的亲人捐献一个肾脏。但大多数情况下他们无法实现，因为捐赠者与接受者的组织不匹配。2004年，经济学家找到了一种解决方案：将自愿捐献者和等待移植的患者集中起来，从而提高匹配成功的几率。这种肾脏交换背后的算法最初由加州大学学者大卫·盖尔和劳埃德·沙普利提出，他们最初将其应用于恋爱配对。在此之前，集中式的肾脏交换每年促成的活体移植不足20例。如今，这类交换已促成美国每年约7000例活体肾移植中的五分之一——这一影响也是沙普利获得诺贝尔奖的重要原因。如今，这类交换已促成美国每年约7000例活体肾移植中的五分之一——这一影响也是沙普利获得诺贝尔奖的重要原因。
The Hepatitis B vaccine protects newborns from deadly liver disease
乙肝疫苗可以保护新生儿免受致命肝脏疾病的侵害
The Hepatitis B vaccine offers newborns long-lasting protection from a chronic and sometimes fatal infection. Virtually every dose of this vaccine given in the U.S. today comes from colonies of yeast modified to grow viral proteins. UC professor Randy Schekman's discovery of how yeast cells secrete proteins earned the Nobel Prize in 2013.
乙肝疫苗为新生儿提供长期保护，使其免受慢性感染，有时甚至是致命感染。事实上，今天在美国提供的每一剂这种疫苗都来自经过修饰的酵母菌落，以生长病毒蛋白质。加州大学教授兰迪·谢克曼关于酵母细胞分泌蛋白质的发现获得了2013年诺贝尔奖。
The ozone layer recovered from CFCs
臭氧层从氯氟烃中恢复
Ozone gas in Earth’s atmosphere shields us from the sun’s UV rays, so spending five minutes outside doesn’t leave you with a bad sunburn. UC’s Sherwood Rowland, Mario Molina and Paul Crutzen shared a 1995 Nobel Prize for proving that common industrial chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) destroy ozone. Their research led to a global ban on these chemicals, which has allowed a hole in the ozone layer to shrink, averting planetary catastrophe.
地球大气中的臭氧气体可以保护我们免受太阳紫外线的伤害，所以在户外呆上五分钟不会让你被晒伤。加州大学的舍伍德·罗兰、马里奥·莫利纳和保罗·克鲁岑因证明氯氟烃（CFCs）等常见工业化学品破坏臭氧而共同获得1995年诺贝尔奖。他们的研究导致了对这些化学物质的全球禁令，这使得臭氧层的空洞缩小，避免了全球性的灾难。
Cancer gene discovery improves prevention and treatment
癌症基因的发现促进了预防和治疗
Cancer tends to run in families, but it’s also caused by factors like smoking, sun and chemical exposure. UC’s J. Michael Bishop won the 1989 Nobel Prize for explaining why. In the 1970s, he discovered that some normal genes can mutate over the course of a lifetime to cause out-of-control growth. Realizing that cancer can arise from our own genes paved the way for better prevention strategies and lifesaving drugs, also from UC, like Herceptin for breast cancer and Gleevec for chronic myeloid leukemia.
癌症往往有家族遗传倾向，但也可能由吸烟、日晒和化学物质暴露等因素引起。加州大学的J·迈克尔·毕晓普因阐明了这一原因而获得1989年诺贝尔奖。20世纪70年代，他发现某些正常基因在人的一生中可能发生突变，导致细胞失控生长。认识到癌症可源于我们自身的基因，为制定更有效的预防策略以及研发救命药物铺平了道路，这些药物也来自加州大学，例如用于治疗乳腺癌的赫赛汀和用于慢性髓性白血病的格列卫。
Hormone therapies give people better options for reproductive health
激素疗法为人们提供了更好的生殖健康选择
Lots of bodily functions are guided by hormones released by your pituitary gland, a pea-sized clump of tissue inside your skull. UC’s Roger Guillemin shared a Nobel Prize in 1977 for discovering how your brain steers your pituitary gland. By mapping these signal pathways, Guillemin’s discovery led to hormone-based medicines to treat infertility, prostate cancer and endometriosis.
脑下垂体是颅骨内豌豆大小的一团组织，它释放的激素引导着身体的许多功能。加州大学的罗杰·吉列明（Roger Guillemin）因发现大脑如何控制脑下垂体而在1977年获得诺贝尔奖。通过绘制这些信号通路，吉列明的发现导致了以激素为基础的药物用于治疗不孕症、前列腺癌和子宫内膜异位症
Lasers power everyday technology
激光为日常技术提供动力
The next time you’re in the checkout line at the grocery store, spare a thought for UC physicist Charles Townes. In 1953, Townes built the first maser, a device that amplified and emitted microwaves. This was a key step toward the invention of the laser, which works in a similar way, but uses visible light instead of microwaves. Townes won a Nobel in 1964, and now lasers are everywhere, from the fiber-optic cables that carry the internet to your home to operating rooms to the barcode scanners in your grocery checkout line.
下次你在杂货店排队结账时，想想加州大学物理学家查尔斯·汤斯吧。1953年，汤斯制造了第一台微波激射器，这是一种放大和发射微波的装置。这是迈向激光发明的关键一步，激光的工作原理与此类似，但使用的是可见光而不是微波。汤斯于1964年获得诺贝尔奖，现在激光无处不在，从将互联网传输到家中的光纤电缆到手术室，再到杂货店收银台排队的条形码扫描仪。
