The Nobel Prize was established by Swedish businessman Alfred Nobel in 1895 and is designed to honor those whose work “shall have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.” First awarded in 1901, they are announced on an annual basis, and include the categories of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, with economics added in Nobel’s memory in 1968 by Sweden’s central bank, Sveriges Riksbank.

诺贝尔奖由瑞典商人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔于1895年设立，旨在表彰那些工作“为人类带来最大利益”的人。该奖项于1901年首次颁发，每年公布一次，包括物理学、化学、生理学或医学、文学和和平等奖项。1968年，瑞典中央银行Sveriges Riksbank为纪念诺贝尔奖增加了经济学奖项。

This year, the winners in medicine, physics and chemistry all share one important distinction: important foundational time spent at UC, a cradle of inventiveness, experimentation and learning.

今年，医学、物理和化学领域的获奖者都有一个共同点:重要的基础学业阶段是在加州大学度过的，这里是发明、实验和学习的摇篮。

Svante Pääbo，recipient of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine

Svante Pääbo，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者

Pääbo, the founding director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, was awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution, namely sequencing the entire genome of the Neanderthal — a feat he himself never thought would be accomplished — and the discovery of a previously unknown hominin, Denisova.

Pääbo，德国莱比锡马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所遗传学部的创始者主任，因其对已灭绝古人类基因组和人类进化的发现而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，即对尼安德特人的整个基因组进行测序——这是他自己从未想过会完成的壮举——以及发现以前不为人知的古人类丹尼索瓦人。

Pääbo was as a postdoctoral researcher and collaborator at UC Berkeley, working closely with population geneticist Monty Slatkin on Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA.

Pääbo是加州大学伯克利分校的博士后研究员和合作者，与人口遗传学家Monty Slatkin密切合作，研究尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人的DNA。

John F. Clauser, recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics

John F. Clauser，诺贝尔物理学奖得主

In 1971, Clauser, a postdoctoral researcher working with the late UC Berkeley physicist Stuart Freedman, then a graduate student, got up to an exciting and revolutionary new experiment inside a UC Berkeley basement: testing one of the strangest aspects of quantum mechanics, what Einstein called “spooky action at a distance.” What Clauser and Freedman revealed about the quantum world, namely quantum entanglement, paved the way for stunning new advances in the field and led directly to the Nobel Prize in physics that Clauser received on Oct 4. (Freedman tragically passed away in 2012 and thus was not eligible for an award; Nobels are not awarded posthumously).

1971年，博士后研究员Clauser与加州大学伯克利分校已故物理学家、当时还是研究生的Stuart Freedman合作，在加州大学伯克利分校的地下室里进行了一项激动人心、具有革命性的新实验：测试量子力学中最奇怪的一个方面，也就是爱因斯坦所说的“超距恐怖作用”。克劳瑟和弗里德曼对量子世界的揭示，即量子纠缠，为该领域令人震惊的新进展铺平了道路，并直接导致克劳瑟在10月4日获得诺贝尔物理学奖。(弗里德曼不幸于2012年去世，因此没有资格获得该奖项;诺贝尔奖不是追授的)

Carolyn Bertozzi, recipient of the Nobel Prize in chemistry

Carolyn Bertozzi，诺贝尔化学奖得主

Carolyn Bertozzi, currently a professor at Stanford University, spent her formative years at UC Berkeley and taught on campus until 2015. She earned her Ph.D. in chemistry from the university in 1993 and joined UC Berkeley’s chemistry faculty, and Berkeley Lab, in 1996, after working as a postdoctoral fellow at UCSF. She was also the first director of Berkeley Lab’s Molecular Foundry, a cutting-edge nanoscience research facility. She developed — and named — a field called bioorthogonal chemistry, which stages chemical reactions in cells that do not interfere with biological processes.

Carolyn Bertozzi目前是斯坦福大学的一名教授，她在加州大学伯克利分校度过了一段至关重要的成长岁月，并在2015年之前一直在校园任教。1993年，她获得了加州大学伯克利分校的化学博士学位，并在加州大学旧金山分校做博士后后，于1996年加入了加州大学伯克利分校的化学系和伯克利实验室。她还是伯克利实验室分子铸造厂的第一任主任，这是一个前沿的纳米科学研究机构。她开发并命名了一个叫做生物正交化学的领域，它在细胞中进行化学反应，而不干扰生物过程。

The University of California has a proud legacy of winning Nobel Prizes that stretches all the way back to 1939, when Ernest O. Lawrence was awarded the prize in physics for his invention of the cyclotron. Today, 70 faculty and staff have been awarded 71 Nobel Prizes.

加州大学(University of California)获得诺贝尔奖的光荣历史可以追溯到1939年，当时Ernest O. Lawrence因发明回旋加速器而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。今天，共有70名教职员工获得71个诺贝尔奖。