The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first video game therapeutic as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, based on research by UC San Francisco’s Adam Gazzaley, M.D., Ph.D.

由加州大学旧金山分校（UC San Francisco），Adam Gazzaley医学博士研究，美国食品和药物管理局（Food And Drug Administration，FDA）批准，推出首个用于治疗儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）电子游戏。

In 2013, Gazzaley published a paper in Nature reporting that six weeks of training with a video game called Neuroracer, in which the player seeks to discern relevant cues from distracting ones during a car race simulation, improved attention in older adults. The results were striking, given that attention markedly declines with age.

2013年，Gazzaley在《自然》(Nature)杂志上发表了一篇论文，报告称，用六周时间训练老年人玩一款名为Neuroracer的电子游戏，提高了他们的注意力。在这款游戏中，玩家在模拟赛车过程中试图从分散注意力的线索中辨别相关线索。考虑到注意力随着年龄的增长而显著下降，研究结果令人震惊。

Gazzaley concluded that these adults’ improved performance after playing the game was due to enhanced function in a brain network involved in cognitive control, which is necessary to pursue goals. With the new FDA approval, children can now be treated with a kids’ version of the technology, called EndeavorRX. Gazzaley is a co-founder of Akili Interactive, which produces EndeavorRx, and which conducted pivotal clinical trials of the game as an ADHD treatment with researchers at Duke University and elsewhere.

Gazzaley总结说，这些成年人在玩游戏后表现的改善是由于大脑中参与认知控制的功能增强，而认知控制是追求目标所必需的。随着FDA的批准，儿童现在可以使用一种名为endeavour orrx的儿童版本的技术进行治疗。Gazzaley是Akili Interactive的联合创始人，该公司生产了奋进精神疗法，并与杜克大学（Duke University）等机构的研究人员进行了关键的临床试验，将该游戏作为治疗多动症的手段。

In the 2013 research, Gazzaley’s lab measured low-frequency brain waves in the prefrontal cortex, as well as the coherence between frontal and posterior regions of the brain. As the older players of Neuroracer became more adept at the multitasking challenges of the game, their brains modulated this key neural network so that it came to resemble the activity seen in the brains of young adults.

在2013年的研究中，Gazzaley的实验室测量了前额叶皮层的低频脑电波，以及大脑额后区域之间的一致性。随着Neuroracer中年龄较大的玩家变得更善于处理多重任务，他们的大脑调整了这个关键的神经网络，使其变得类似于年轻人的大脑活动。

“The Neuroracer study published in Nature formed the basis of the UCSF patent that Akili’s EndeavorRx is based on,” said Gazzaley, who directs the Neuroscape Center at UCSF and is a professor of neurology, physiology and psychiatry. “Of course, there has been much development and many more studies since then — not all of which, including the ADHD research, we did. But this is our technology at its core.”

Gazzaley是UCSF神经景观中心的负责人，同时也是神经学、生理学和精神病学的教授，他说:“neurooracer的研究发表在《自然》上，形成了UCSF专利的基础，Akili的奋进疗法就是基于这个专利。当然，在那之后有了很大的发展和更多的研究，但并不是所有的研究，包括我们做的ADHD研究。但这是我们技术的核心。”